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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">patristic</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Библия и христианская древность</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bible and Christian Antiquity</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658−7815</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-1122</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московская духовная академия</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31802/BCA.2020.7.3.004</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">patristic-341</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Агиография</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCHES. Hagiography</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мучитель, лицемер, враг: обличья демона в латинских визионерских текстах VII–XI вв.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Torturer, Hypocrite, Adversary: Demon’s Guises in Latin Visionary Texts from the 7th to Late 11th Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пильгун</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pilgun</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Владиленович Пильгун, кандидат искусствоведения, свободный исследователь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei V. Pilgun, PhD in Arts, Independent researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.pilgoun@gmail.com</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>162</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пильгун А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пильгун А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pilgun A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.patristic.ru/jour/article/view/341">https://www.patristic.ru/jour/article/view/341</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен собирательный портрет демона, основанный на визионерских текстах с VII по XI в. В рассказах о временном перенесении души в потусторонний мир демон — исполнитель наказаний над прóклятыми и подлежащими очищению грешниками.</p><p>Анализ визионерских свидетельств до VII в. показывает, что визионер находится вдалеке от сцены казни, а силуэты мучителей (безымянных или выступающих под различными именами) подробно не выписаны. В видениях VII — начала VIII в. расстановка персонажей меняется: демоны словно замечают визионера, он становится уязвим для их нападок, видит их лицом к лицу. Возникают подробные описания внешности беса. Некоторые ее детали войдут в позднейшую иконографию демона. Последний наделяется способностью к перевоплощению в животных, лихорадочной активностью, капризным характером, способностью испытывать чувства от безудержного ликования до плача и ярости, издавать соответствующие звуки. В рассказах VII–XI вв. столкновение с демонами в земном мире происходит в основном в монашеской или отшельнической обители: бесы противостоят клирикам и святым. В загробном мире они бичуют грешников. В руках демонов крюк, дротики, лук и стрелы, железные прутья, раскалённые булавы, кузнечные инструменты.</p><p>Стычка с демоном порой принимает форму диспута, где его оппонентами становятся ангел, святой или визионер; бесы превратно толкуют Писание, а ангелы дают примеры верного его прочтения. Рассмотренные тексты обрисовывают традицию, в рамках которой противоречивый образ беса во всех его личинах — от безымянного чёрного мучителя до сведущего в богословии лицемера, от исконного врага христианского люда до инструмента Божьего правосудия — накопил великий потенциал, реализованный в визионерской демонологии XII в.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is focused on the image of demon in visionary literature before the 12th c. In stories about souls temporarily transferred to the other world demon is the executor of torments of sinners. In visions of the afterlife before the 7th century the visionary is placed far away from the scene of execution; the silhouettes of torturers are not written out in detail. Beginning with the 7th c., demons seem to notice the visionary, and he encounters them face to face. Their actual appearances are described. Some details will be included in the later iconography. Demons are endowed with feverish activity, the ability to impersonate different animals, capricious character, the ability to experience emotions from unrestrained exultation to crying and rage, as well as to make appropriate sounds. In visionary tales narrated between the 7th and the 11th c. demonic apparitions and infestations in the earthly world mainly occured in a monastery or hermitage: evil spirits confronted the clergy and saints. Demons wield a hook, darts, bow and arrow, iron rods, red-hot maces, blacksmith’s devices, etc. Altercation with a demon sometimes takes the form of a dispute, where evil spirit’s opponent can be an angel, a saint or a visionary. Texts examined here represent a tradition in which the image of demon in all his guises — from the nameless black torturer to the hypocrite well versed in Scripture, from the ancient adversary of the Christian people to the instrument of God’s justice — has accumulated great potential. This potential was fully realized in visionary texts of the 12th century.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>агрессия демонов</kwd><kwd>визионерская литература</kwd><kwd>внешность демона</kwd><kwd>демонология</kwd><kwd>места обитания демонов</kwd><kwd>окраска демона</kwd><kwd>орудия демона</kwd><kwd>потусторонний мир</kwd><kwd>спор с демоном</kwd><kwd>средневековые видения</kwd><kwd>средневековый демон</kwd><kwd>характер и эмоции демона</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aggression of demon</kwd><kwd>colour of demon</kwd><kwd>appearance of demon</kwd><kwd>character and emotions of demon</kwd><kwd>habitats of demons</kwd><kwd>demonology</kwd><kwd>dispute with demon</kwd><kwd>medieval demon</kwd><kwd>medieval otherworld</kwd><kwd>medieval visions of the afterlife</kwd><kwd>tools wielded by demon</kwd><kwd>visionary literature</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Б. 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