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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">patristic</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Библия и христианская древность</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bible and Christian Antiquity</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658−7815</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-1122</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московская духовная академия</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31802/2658-4476-2020-1-5-97-114</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">patristic-259</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕВОДЫ, ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КОММЕНТАРИИ. Издания и переводы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSLATIONS, RESEARCH AND COMMENTS. Editions and translations</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мемра Мар Афрема «Об отшельниках» и основатели «мессалианства» в Эдессе IV века. Часть I: контекст и текст (1–100)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mār Aphrem’ Memra ‘On Solitaries’ and the Founders of the Messalian Movement in 4th Century Edessa. Part I: Context and Text (1–100)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравьёв</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muraviev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Владимирович Муравьёв - кандидат исторических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>105066, Москва, Старая Басманная ул., д. 21/4, стр. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Muraviev - PhD in History, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher </p><p>21/4, building 5 Staraya Basmannaya Ulitsa, Moscow 105066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amuraviev2@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; Институт всеобщей истории Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University «Higher School of Economics»; Institute for World History at the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Муравьёв А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Муравьёв А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muraviev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.patristic.ru/jour/article/view/259">https://www.patristic.ru/jour/article/view/259</self-uri><abstract><p>Первая часть посвящена исследованию аскетических тем у Мар Афрема на основе сопоставления разных частей его корпуса. Сирийский аскетизм у него отражён в трёх основных формах: городские общины «обетников», странничество и разновидность последнего — «воскизм», связанный не только с отказом от стабильного местопребывания, но и с определённой диетой (питанием травой и листьями). Странничество (ˀksnayūṯā) в латинской и греческой традиции попало под подозрения, gyrovagi и «мессалиане» стали проклинаться и изгоняться. В сирийской традиции конкуренция между странничеством и киновией была более долгой. В IV в. этот вопрос для Мар Афрема ещё не имел остроты: он восхвалял Мар Юлиана Саббу и Мар Авраама Кидонского, которые практиковали радикальные формы отшельничества. В ряду аскетических сочинений Мар Афрема важное место занимает мемра (метризованная гомилия) «Об отшельниках». Она принадлежит к циклу сочинений и интересна прежде всего описанием форм местных особенностей аскетической жизни (īḥı ̄ḏayūṯā) в Верхней Месопотамии и Сирии. В ней описаны практики пустынного отшельничества и социальной самоизоляции, которые связываются с начальным этапом «мессалианского» движения (национального сирийского аскетизма). Статья сопровождается переводом стихов 1–100 мемры.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article (being the 1st part of the cycle) is dedicated to the ascetic themes in Mār Aphrem the of Nisibis (St. Ephrem the Syrian) treated in different parts of his corpus. Asceti cism is reflecxted in mār Aphrem under three main forms: city asceticism, wandering asceticism (xeniteia) and the sub-form of the latter, boskoi-asceticism. The wandering tradition got strog criticism in the Latin and Greek tradition as gyrovagi and ‘messalians’. In the Syriac tradition, the competition between wanderinf and coenobion lasted much longer. Aphrem’s mêmrā (metrical homily) On the hermits and solitaries belongs to the ascetical cycle and is interesting, first of all, by its description of the local forms of asceticism (īḥı ̄ḏayūṯā) in Upper Mesopotamia and Syria. It describes the practices of desert hermitage and social self-isolation, which are associated with the initial stage of the ‘messalian’ movement which turns to be a form of the national Syrian asceticism. The translation of verses 1–100 of the memra accompanies the text.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аскетизм</kwd><kwd>сирийское христианство</kwd><kwd>сирийская литература</kwd><kwd>сирийская поэзия</kwd><kwd>прп. Ефрем Сирин</kwd><kwd>мессалианство</kwd><kwd>прп. Юлиан Сабба</kwd><kwd>прп. Авраам Кидонайа</kwd><kwd>мессалианство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Asceticism</kwd><kwd>Syriac Christianity</kwd><kwd>Syriac literature</kwd><kwd>Syriac poetry</kwd><kwd>St. Ephrem the Syrian</kwd><kwd>St. Julian Sabba</kwd><kwd>St. Abraham Kidonaia</kwd><kwd>Messalian conytroversy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дьяконов А. П. Иоанн Эфесский и его церковноисторические труды. СПб.: Тип. В. Ф. Киршбаума, 1908 (Репр.: СПб.: Изд. Олега Абышко, 2006).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abouzayd S. (1993) Iḥidayutha. A Study of the Life in Singleness in the Syrian Orient. From Ignatius of Antioch to Chalcedon 451 A. D. Oxford: ARAM Society for SyroMesopotamian Studies.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кессель Г. М. 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