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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">patristic</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Библия и христианская древность</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bible and Christian Antiquity</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658−7815</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-1122</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московская духовная академия</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31802/BCA.2024.24.4.004</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">patristic-106</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Патристическая экзегеза</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCHES. Patristic exegesis</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мих. 4, 1–7 – пророчество о возвращении евреев из Вавилона, а не о Церкви? Проблемы в экзегезе пророческих текстов у Феодора Мопсуестийского</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Micah 4, 1–7 – A Prophecy About the Return of the Jews from Babylon, and Not About the Church? Problems in the Exegesis of Prophetic Texts in Theodore of Mopsuestia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>Протоиерей Борис</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeev</surname><given-names>Archpriest Boris</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Протоиерей Борис Тимофеев, старший преподаватель кафедры библеистики</p><p>141300, Сергиев Посад, Троице-Сергиева лавра, Академия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Archpriest Boris Timofeev, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Biblical Studies</p><p>Academy, Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra, Sergiev Posad 141300</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bortim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московская духовная академия</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Theological Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимофеев П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимофеев П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timofeev A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.patristic.ru/jour/article/view/106">https://www.patristic.ru/jour/article/view/106</self-uri><abstract><p>В V в. Феодор Мопсуестийский в апологетических целях пересмотрел традиционное мессианское толкование пророческих текстов Ветхого Завета. Инструментом для такой работы послужили основополагающие принципы филологического и исторического анализа, известные в то время. Попытка разрешить противоречия и проблемы в области мессианского пророчества в Ветхом Завете привела к радикальному сокращению мессианского прочтения большинства пророческих текстов. Ярким примером этого является фрагмент Мих. 4, 1–7. Комментарий Феодора на эти стихи хорошо показывают го герменевтическую стратегию богослова, её сильные и слабые стороны. При рассмотрении аргументов толкователя становится очевидно, что сторонник точного толкования Писаний вынужден жертвовать буквальным смыслом значительных структур текста, чтобы обосновать узкое историческое понимание пророчеств.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Theodore of Mopsuestia, for apologetic purposes in the 5th century, reexamined the traditional messianic interpretation of the prophetic texts of the Old Testament. The tools for this work were the fundamental principles of philological and historical analysis known at that time. The attempt to resolve the contradictions and problems in the area of messianic prophecy in the Old Testament led to a radical reduction of the messianic reading of most prophetic texts. A striking example of this is Micah 4, 1–7. Theodore’s commentary on this passage clearly shows his hermeneutical strategy, its strengths and weaknesses. When considering the interpreter’s arguments, it becomes obvious that the proponent of a precise literal interpretation of the Scriptures is forced to sacrifice the literal meaning of significant structures of the text in order to justify a narrow historical understanding of the prophetic text.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>библейская герменевтика</kwd><kwd>библейская экзегетика</kwd><kwd>Феодор Мопсуестийский</kwd><kwd>мессианское пророчество</kwd><kwd>типологическое пророчество</kwd><kwd>вербальное пророчество</kwd><kwd>древняя христианская экзегетическая традиция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biblical hermeneutics</kwd><kwd>biblical exegesis</kwd><kwd>Theodore of Mopsuestia</kwd><kwd>messianic prophecy</kwd><kwd>typological prophecy</kwd><kwd>verbal prophecy</kwd><kwd>ancient Christian exegetical tradition</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Риболов С. 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